Sunan Abu Dawood, Book of Commercial Transactions

Asim ibn Kulayb quoted his father's authority for the following statement by one of the Ansar:

We went out with the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to a funeral, and I saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at the grave giving this instruction to the grave-digger:

Make it wide on the side of his feet, and make it wide on the side of his head. When he came back, he was received by a man who conveyed an invitation from a woman. So he came (to her), to it food was brought, and he put his hand (i.e. took a morsel in his hand); the people did the same and they ate. Our fathers noticed that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ was moving a morsel around his mouth.

He then said: I find the flesh of a sheep which has been taken without its owner's permission.

The woman sent a message to say: Messenger of Allah, I sent (someone) to an-Naqi' to have a sheep bought for me, but there was none; so I sent (a message) to my neighbour who had bought a sheep, asking him to send it to me for the price (he had paid), but he could not be found. I, therefore, sent (a message) to his wife and she sent it to me.

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: Give this food to the prisoners.

حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْعَلاَءِ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ إِدْرِيسَ، أَخْبَرَنَا عَاصِمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ رَجُلٍ، مِنَ الأَنْصَارِ قَالَ خَرَجْنَا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي جَنَازَةٍ فَرَأَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْقَبْرِ يُوصِي الْحَافِرَ " أَوْسِعْ مِنْ قِبَلِ رِجْلَيْهِ أَوْسِعْ مِنْ قِبَلِ رَأْسِهِ " . فَلَمَّا رَجَعَ اسْتَقْبَلَهُ دَاعِيَ امْرَأَةٍ فَجَاءَ وَجِيءَ بِالطَّعَامِ فَوَضَعَ يَدَهُ ثُمَّ وَضَعَ الْقَوْمُ فَأَكَلُوا فَنَظَرَ آبَاؤُنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَلُوكُ لُقْمَةً فِي فَمِهِ ثُمَّ قَالَ " أَجِدُ لَحْمَ شَاةٍ أُخِذَتْ بِغَيْرِ إِذْنِ أَهْلِهَا " . فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ قَالَتْ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى الْبَقِيعِ يَشْتَرِي لِي شَاةً فَلَمْ أَجِدْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى جَارٍ لِي قَدِ اشْتَرَى شَاةً أَنْ أَرْسِلْ إِلَىَّ بِهَا بِثَمَنِهَا فَلَمْ يُوجَدْ فَأَرْسَلْتُ إِلَى امْرَأَتِهِ فَأَرْسَلَتْ إِلَىَّ بِهَا . فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " أَطْعِمِيهِ الأَسَارَى " .

Narrated Abdullah ibn Mas'ud:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ cursed the one who accepted usury, the one who paid it, the witness to it, and the one who recorded it.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ يُونُسَ، حَدَّثَنَا زُهَيْرٌ، حَدَّثَنَا سِمَاكٌ، حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ مَسْعُودٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ لَعَنَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ آكِلَ الرِّبَا وَمُوكِلَهُ وَشَاهِدَهُ وَكَاتِبَهُ .

Narrated Sulaiman b. 'Amr:

On the authority of his father: I heard the Messenger of Allah ﷺ say in the Farewell Pilgrimage: "Lo, all claims to usury of the pre-Islamic period have been abolished. You shall have your capital sums, deal not unjustly and you shall not be dealt with unjustly.

Lo, all claims for blood-vengeance belonging to the pre-Islamic period have been abolished. The first of those murdered among us whose blood-vengeance I remit is al-Harith ibn AbdulMuttalib, who suckled among Banu Layth and killed by Hudhayl."

He then said: O Allah, have I conveyed the message? They said: Yes, saying it three times. He then said: O Allah, be witness, saying it three times.

حَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدٌ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، حَدَّثَنَا شَبِيبُ بْنُ غَرْقَدَةَ، عَنْ سُلَيْمَانَ بْنِ عَمْرٍو، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ فِي حَجَّةِ الْوَدَاعِ يَقُولُ " أَلاَ إِنَّ كُلَّ رِبًا مِنْ رِبَا الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ لَكُمْ رُءُوسُ أَمْوَالِكُمْ لاَ تَظْلِمُونَ وَلاَ تُظْلَمُونَ . أَلاَ وَإِنَّ كُلَّ دَمٍ مِنْ دَمِ الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ مَوْضُوعٌ وَأَوَّلُ دَمٍ أَضَعُ مِنْهَا دَمُ الْحَارِثِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ " . كَانَ مُسْتَرْضَعًا فِي بَنِي لَيْثٍ فَقَتَلَتْهُ هُذَيْلٌ . قَالَ " اللَّهُمَّ هَلْ بَلَّغْتُ " . قَالُوا نَعَمْ . ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ . قَالَ " اللَّهُمَّ اشْهَدْ " . ثَلاَثَ مَرَّاتٍ .

Narrated Abu Hurairah:

I heard Messenger of Allah ﷺ say: Swearing produces a ready sale for a commodity but blots out the blessing. The narrator Ibn al-Sarh said: "for earning". He also narrated this tradition from Sa'id b. al-Musayyab on the authority of Abu Hurairah from the Prophet ﷺ.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ عَمْرِو بْنِ السَّرْحِ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ وَهْبٍ، ح وَحَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ صَالِحٍ، حَدَّثَنَا عَنْبَسَةُ، عَنْ يُونُسَ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، قَالَ قَالَ ابْنُ الْمُسَيَّبِ إِنَّ أَبَا هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَقُولُ " الْحَلِفُ مَنْفَقَةٌ لِلسِّلْعَةِ مَمْحَقَةٌ لِلْبَرَكَةِ " . قَالَ ابْنُ السَّرْحِ " لِلْكَسْبِ " . وَقَالَ عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ الْمُسَيَّبِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ .

Narrated Suwayd ibn Qays:

I and Makhrafah al-Abdi imported some garments from Hajar, and brought them to Mecca. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ came to us walking, and after he had bargained with us for some trousers, we sold them to him. There was a man who was weighing for payment. The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said to him: Weigh out and give overweight.

حَدَّثَنَا عُبَيْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ مُعَاذٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، حَدَّثَنِي سُوَيْدُ بْنُ قَيْسٍ، قَالَ جَلَبْتُ أَنَا وَمَخْرَمَةُ الْعَبْدِيُّ، بَزًّا مِنْ هَجَرَ فَأَتَيْنَا بِهِ مَكَّةَ فَجَاءَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ يَمْشِي فَسَاوَمَنَا بِسَرَاوِيلَ فَبِعْنَاهُ وَثَمَّ رَجُلٌ يَزِنُ بِالأَجْرِ فَقَالَ لَهُ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ
" زِنْ وَأَرْجِحْ " .

The tradition mentioned above (No. 3330) has also been transmitted by AbuSafwan ibn Umayrah through a different chain of narrators.

This version has:

Abu Safwan said: I came to the Messenger of Allah ﷺ at Mecca before his immigration. He then narrated the rest of the tradition, but he did not mention the words "who was weighing for payment".

Abu Dawud sad: Qais also transmitted it as Sufyan said: The version of Sufyan is authoritative.

حَدَّثَنَا حَفْصُ بْنُ عُمَرَ، وَمُسْلِمُ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ، - الْمَعْنَى قَرِيبٌ - قَالاَ حَدَّثَنَا شُعْبَةُ، عَنْ سِمَاكِ بْنِ حَرْبٍ، عَنْ أَبِي صَفْوَانَ بْنِ عُمَيْرَةَ، قَالَ أَتَيْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ ﷺ بِمَكَّةَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يُهَاجِرَ بِهَذَا الْحَدِيثِ وَلَمْ يَذْكُرْ يَزِنُ بِالأَجْرِ . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ رَوَاهُ قَيْسٌ كَمَا قَالَ سُفْيَانُ وَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ .

Narrated Ibn Abi Rizmah:

I heard my father say: A man said to Shu'bah: Sufyan opposed you (i.e. narrated a tradition which differs from your version). He replied: You racked my mind. I have been told that Yahya b. Ma'in said: If anyone opposes Sufyan, the version of Sufyan will be acceptable.

حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ أَبِي رِزْمَةَ، سَمِعْتُ أَبِي يَقُولُ، قَالَ رَجُلٌ لِشُعْبَةَ خَالَفَكَ سُفْيَانُ . قَالَ دَمَغْتَنِي . وَبَلَغَنِي عَنْ يَحْيَى بْنِ مَعِينٍ قَالَ كُلُّ مَنْ خَالَفَ سُفْيَانَ فَالْقَوْلُ قَوْلُ سُفْيَانَ .

Shu'bah said:

The memory of Sufyan was stronger than mine.

حَدَّثَنَا أَحْمَدُ بْنُ حَنْبَلٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ شُعْبَةَ، قَالَ كَانَ سُفْيَانُ أَحْفَظَ مِنِّي .

Narrated Abdullah ibn Umar:

The Prophet ﷺ said: (The standard) weight is the weight of the people of Mecca, and the (standard) measure is the measure of the people of Medina.

Abu Dawud said: Al-Firyabi and Abu Ahmad have also transmitted from Sufyan in a similar way, and he (Ibn Dukain) agreed with them on the text. The version of Abu Ahmad has: "from Ibn 'Abbas" instead of Ibn 'Umar. It has also been transmitted by al-Walid b. Muslim from Hanzalah. This version has: "the weight of Medina and the measure of Mecca."

Abu Dawud said: There is a variation in the text of the version of this tradition narrated by Malik b. Dinar from 'Ata' from the Prophet ﷺ.

حَدَّثَنَا عُثْمَانُ بْنُ أَبِي شَيْبَةَ، حَدَّثَنَا ابْنُ دُكَيْنٍ، حَدَّثَنَا سُفْيَانُ، عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ، عَنْ طَاوُسٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، قَالَ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ " الْوَزْنُ وَزْنُ أَهْلِ مَكَّةَ وَالْمِكْيَالُ مِكْيَالُ أَهْلِ الْمَدِينَةِ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَكَذَا رَوَاهُ الْفِرْيَابِيُّ وَأَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَنْ سُفْيَانَ وَافَقَهُمَا فِي الْمَتْنِ وَقَالَ أَبُو أَحْمَدَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ مَكَانَ ابْنِ عُمَرَ وَرَوَاهُ الْوَلِيدُ بْنُ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ حَنْظَلَةَ قَالَ " وَزْنُ الْمَدِينَةِ وَمِكْيَالُ مَكَّةَ " . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ وَاخْتُلِفَ فِي الْمَتْنِ فِي حَدِيثِ مَالِكِ بْنِ دِينَارٍ عَنْ عَطَاءٍ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ ﷺ فِي هَذَا .

Narrated Samurah:

The Messenger of Allah ﷺ addressed us and said: Is here any one of such and such tribe present? But no one replied.

He again asked: Is here any one of such and such tribe present? But no one replied.

He again asked: Is here any one of such and such tribe?

Then a man stood and said: I am (here), Messenger of Allah.

He said: What prevented you from replying the first two times? I wish to tell you something good.

Your companion has been detained (from entering Paradise) on account of his debt. Then I saw him that he paid off all his debt on his behalf and there remained no one to demand from him anything.

Abu Dawud said: The name of the narrator Sam'an is Sam'an b. Mushannaj.

حَدَّثَنَا سَعِيدُ بْنُ مَنْصُورٍ، حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو الأَحْوَصِ، عَنْ سَعِيدِ بْنِ مَسْرُوقٍ، عَنِ الشَّعْبِيِّ، عَنْ سَمْعَانَ، عَنْ سَمُرَةَ، قَالَ خَطَبَنَا رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَقَالَ " هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ " . فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ " هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ " . فَلَمْ يُجِبْهُ أَحَدٌ ثُمَّ قَالَ " هَا هُنَا أَحَدٌ مِنْ بَنِي فُلاَنٍ " . فَقَامَ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ أَنَا يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ . فَقَالَ ﷺ " مَا مَنَعَكَ أَنْ تُجِيبَنِي فِي الْمَرَّتَيْنِ الأُولَيَيْنِ أَمَا إِنِّي لَمْ أُنَوِّهْ بِكُمْ إِلاَّ خَيْرًا إِنَّ صَاحِبَكُمْ مَأْسُورٌ بِدَيْنِهِ " . فَلَقَدْ رَأَيْتُهُ أَدَّى عَنْهُ حَتَّى مَا بَقِيَ أَحَدٌ يَطْلُبُهُ بِشَىْءٍ . قَالَ أَبُو دَاوُدَ سَمْعَانُ بْنُ مُشَنَّجٍ .